Cognitive Performance Is Enhanced during Cold-water Immersion and Exercise

for normally hydrated individuals. However, when working in stressful environments for extended durations, particularly when wearing personal protective equipment, fluid losses via sweat secretion are dramatically elevated, and can approach 8-16 L.day -1 . Indeed, during a moderate exercise-heat stress, whole-body sweat rates typically range between 1-1.5 L.h -1 , and fluid loss at this rate significantly impacts upon body water content, resulting in a 1% body-water loss for every 30 min of sustained sweating without fluid replacement.